Thank you for the question about the 12 disciples of Jesus, “Which of the 12 disciples mentioned in the Bible understood Greek?”
As one reads the Gospels and the New Testaments, there is little doubt that the 12 apostles spoke Aramaic, probably some Hebrew and Greek. As one look at their occupation before they encountered Jesus, one may surmise the following:
These are the apostles who would have likely spoken or understood Greek:
- Matthew or Levi since he was a chief tax collector. His occupation and partying with sinners and prostitutes would have led him to learn all the common languages including some Latin (Matthew 10:3).
- Andrew and Simon were fishermen on the Sea of Galilee where the both Jews and Gentiles lived and traded together (Luke 1:40).
- James and John were also fisherman on the Sea of Galilee (Matthew 4:18–22).
Whether the other disciples spoke or understood Greek is uncleared from the Scriptures. We do have an account when Greeks spoke to the disciples that they wanted to see Jesus. Whether they spoke in Aramaic or Greek is unclear.
SUMMARY: It is likely that at least 5 Apostles spoke or understood Greek.
For more perspectives:
https://www.quora.com/Which-of-the-12-disciples-mentioned-in-the-Bible-understood-Greek