Thank you for the question about space, “What does the Bible say about space?” As I read the various definition of space, generally speaking the definition is a good one.
Wikipedia says this, “Space is the boundless three-dimensional extent in which objects and events have relative position and direction. Physical space is often conceived in three linear dimensions, although modern physicists usually consider it, with time, to be part of a boundless four-dimensional continuum known as spacetime.”
Genesis 1 describes the creation of the Heavens and the Earth. As I read Genesis 1, the focus in chapter 1 is a general view of space from the realm of God to and beyond earth while in Genesis 2 is a detail description of earth and the filling of that space. Other respondents have cited verses of God’s creation as in Psalm 19.
For one’s consideration regarding space that is often overlooked is Colossians 1. The Apostle Paul says this, “16 For in him all things were created: things in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or powers or rulers or authorities; all things have been created through him and for him. 17 He is before all things, and in him all things hold together” (A searchable online Bible in over 150 versions and 50 languages.)
As one meditates on verses 16 and 17, the Apostle Paul reminds the believers that all things, everything in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or powers or rulers or authorities were created IN him (the Son). Quite often, one thinks that the universe is apart from God, as something that separate from him. The Scriptures state that the universe is in him, within the sphere of himself. As vast as the universe as being 13.7 billion light years, the Son is greater than the universe for the universe is within him. I am not able to fathom that prepositional phrase, IN him. In other words, space is within the Son. It does not exist independent of the Son for without the Son, the universe will not exist.
The Apostle further states that the heavens and the earth was made THROUGH HIM and FOR HIM. Space or heaven and earth has a purpose and meaning in its existence. Those living on a planet can’t determine the existence of something that is greater than oneself. One can observe things in the universe or on earth, but its purpose can be revealed in my opinion by its Creator. The universe exists for the Son, not for humans. Man is not the center of the universe although many individuals think that man is the center of the universe.
SUMMARY: Space is not the final frontier, but God is the ultimate frontier for all of space is to bow to the Creator God.
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