Thank you for the biblical question on Old Testament prophecies, “What are the Old Testament prophecies like in Luke 24:26–27?”
Luke 24:26–27 says this, “25 He said to them, “How foolish you are, and how slow to believe all that the prophets have spoken! 26 Did not the Messiah have to suffer these things and then enter his glory?” 27 And beginning with Moses and all the Prophets, he explained to them what was said in all the Scriptures concerning himself.”
Wouldn’t it have been wonderful if those two disciples wrote down what Jesus revealed to them! It is likely that they shared with the Apostles, family and friends their conversation with Jesus.
In answering this question, there is the broader, general comments regarding Old Testament prophecies and the specific prophecies that is stated or alluded to in the New Testament.
I. For one’s consideration of the general fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies:
A. Jesus states to the Pharisees that the Old Testament Scriptures speaks about him.
John 5 says this, “I have testimony weightier than that of John. For the works that the Father has given me to finish—the very works that I am doing—testify that the Father has sent me. 37 And the Father who sent me has himself testified concerning me. You have never heard his voice nor seen his form, 38 nor does his word dwell in you, for you do not believe the one he sent. 39 You study[c] the Scriptures diligently because you think that in them you have eternal life. These are the very Scriptures that testify about me, 40 yet you refuse to come to me to have life. (NIV).
B. The angels made a similar comment to Luke 24, “While they were wondering about this, suddenly two men in clothes that gleamed like lightning stood beside them. 5 In their fright the women bowed down with their faces to the ground, but the men said to them, “Why do you look for the living among the dead? 6 He is not here; he has risen! Remember how he told you, while he was still with you in Galilee: 7 ‘The Son of Man must be delivered over to the hands of sinners, be crucified and on the third day be raised again.’ ” 8 Then they remembered his words” (NIV).
C. Jesus appears before the Apostles in Luke 24, “When he had said this, he showed them his hands and feet. 41 And while they still did not believe it because of joy and amazement, he asked them, “Do you have anything here to eat?” 42 They gave him a piece of broiled fish, 43 and he took it and ate it in their presence. 44 He said to them, “This is what I told you while I was still with you: Everything must be fulfilled that is written about me in the Law of Moses, the Prophets and the Psalms.” 45 Then he opened their minds so they could understand the Scriptures. 46 He told them, “This is what is written: The Messiah will suffer and rise from the dead on the third day, 47 and repentance for the forgiveness of sins will be preached in his name to all nations, beginning at Jerusalem” (NIV).
D. Jesus spoke about the kingdom of God before his ascension in Acts 1, “In my former book, Theophilus, I wrote about all that Jesus began to do and to teach 2 until the day he was taken up to heaven, after giving instructions through the Holy Spirit to the apostles he had chosen. 3 After his suffering, he presented himself to them and gave many convincing proofs that he was alive. He appeared to them over a period of forty days and spoke about the kingdom of God” (NIV).
The Apostle Peter in Acts 3 says this, “17 “Now, fellow Israelites, I know that you acted in ignorance, as did your leaders. 18 But this is how God fulfilled what he had foretold through all the prophets, saying that his Messiah would suffer. 19 Repent, then, and turn to God, so that your sins may be wiped out, that times of refreshing may come from the Lord, 20 and that he may send the Messiah, who has been appointed for you—even Jesus. 21 Heaven must receive him until the time comes for God to restore everything, as he promised long ago through his holy prophets. 22 For Moses said, ‘The Lord your God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among your own people; you must listen to everything he tells you. 23 Anyone who does not listen to him will be completely cut off from their people.’[a] (NIV).
As one meditates on the Gospel, the central message is that the Messiah/the Christ must suffer, rise from the dead, and the proclamation of the forgiveness of sins to all nations, beginning with Jerusalem (Acts 1:8). Jesus opened their minds through the illumination of the Holy Spirit so that they were able to understand the Old Testament Scriptures were speaking of the One to come. They believed that Jesus is the fulfillment of the Old Testament prophecies.
II. Specific or alluded references to Jesus as the fulfillment of the Old Testament prophecies. It is worthwhile study in the Book of Acts to see how the Apostles and followers of Jesus cited the Old Testament as referencing to Jesus. Here are some examples:
A. Peter cites Psalms regarding Judas Iscariot and the resurrection of Jesus.
Acts 1 says this, “15 In those days Peter stood up among the believers (a group numbering about a hundred and twenty) 16 and said, “Brothers and sisters,[d] the Scripture had to be fulfilled in which the Holy Spirit spoke long ago through David concerning Judas, who served as guide for those who arrested Jesus. 17 He was one of our number and shared in our ministry….20 “For,” said Peter, “it is written in the Book of Psalms: “‘May his place be deserted; let there be no one to dwell in it,’[e] and, “‘May another take his place of leadership.’[f]” (NIV).
Acts 2 says this, “23 This man was handed over to you by God’s deliberate plan and foreknowledge; and you, with the help of wicked men,[d] put him to death by nailing him to the cross. 24 But God raised him from the dead, freeing him from the agony of death, because it was impossible for death to keep its hold on him. 25 David said about him: “‘I saw the Lord always before me. Because he is at my right hand, I will not be shaken. 26 Therefore my heart is glad and my tongue rejoices; my body also will rest in hope, 27 because you will not abandon me to the realm of the dead, you will not let your holy one see decay. 28 You have made known to me the paths of life; you will fill me with joy in your presence.’[e] (NIV). See Acts 4:23–27 and Psalm 22.
C. Peter cites Joel in the coming of the Holy Spirit.
Joel says this, “Then Peter stood up with the Eleven, raised his voice and addressed the crowd: “Fellow Jews and all of you who live in Jerusalem, let me explain this to you; listen carefully to what I say. 15 These people are not drunk, as you suppose. It’s only nine in the morning! 16 No, this is what was spoken by the prophet Joel: 17 “‘In the last days, God says, I will pour out my Spirit on all people. Your sons and daughters will prophesy, your young men will see visions,
your old men will dream dreams. 18 Even on my servants, both men and women, I will pour out my Spirit in those days, and they will prophesy.” (NIV).
D. Peter cites Samuel and the promise to Abraham, alluding to Genesis 12.
The Apostle Peter states this in Acts 3, “24 Indeed, beginning with Samuel, all the prophets who have spoken have foretold these days. 25 And you are heirs of the prophets and of the covenant God made with your fathers. He said to Abraham, ‘Through your offspring all peoples on earth will be blessed.’[b] 26 When God raised up his servant, he sent him first to you to bless you by turning each of you from your wicked ways.” (NIV).
E. Philip explains Isaiah 53 to the Ethiopian Eunuch.
Philip explains to the Ethiopian Eunuch who was reading Isaiah 53, “30 Then Philip ran up to the chariot and heard the man reading Isaiah the prophet. “Do you understand what you are reading?” Philip asked. 31 “How can I,” he said, “unless someone explains it to me?” So he invited Philip to come up and sit with him. 32 This is the passage of Scripture the eunuch was reading: “He was led like a sheep to the slaughter, and as a lamb before its shearer is silent,
so he did not open his mouth. 33 In his humiliation he was deprived of justice. Who can speak of his descendants? For his life was taken from the earth.”[b] 34 The eunuch asked Philip, “Tell me, please, who is the prophet talking about, himself or someone else?” 35 Then Philip began with that very passage of Scripture and told him the good news about Jesus. (NIV).
F. Saul of Tarsus declares that Jesus is the Messiah upon his salvation. He says this in Acts 9, “Saul spent several days with the disciples in Damascus. 20 At once he began to preach in the synagogues that Jesus is the Son of God. 21 All those who heard him were astonished and asked, “Isn’t he the man who raised havoc in Jerusalem among those who call on this name? And hasn’t he come here to take them as prisoners to the chief priests?” 22 Yet Saul grew more and more powerful and baffled the Jews living in Damascus by proving that Jesus is the Messiah” (NIV).
The text does not state how Saul of Tarsus demonstrated, proved that Jesus is the Messiah. Being a Pharisee who knew the Scriptures, he was able by the meditation and enlightenment to understand that Jesus is the fulfillment of the Old Testament. In the days when he was with the early Christians, they would have testified to Saul of the life of Jesus even as Ananias.
G. The writer of Hebrew cites the Tabernacle and the Priesthood of Israel as needing an eternal solution for sin which is accomplished through Jesus Christ.
The writer says in Hebrew 9, “23 It was necessary, then, for the copies of the heavenly things to be purified with these sacrifices, but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these. 24 For Christ did not enter a sanctuary made with human hands that was only a copy of the true one; he entered heaven itself, now to appear for us in God’s presence. 25 Nor did he enter heaven to offer himself again and again, the way the high priest enters the Most Holy Place every year with blood that is not his own. 26 Otherwise Christ would have had to suffer many times since the creation of the world. But he has appeared once for all at the culmination of the ages to do away with sin by the sacrifice of himself. 27 Just as people are destined to die once, and after that to face judgment, 28 so Christ was sacrificed once to take away the sins of many; and he will appear a second time, not to bear sin, but to bring salvation to those who are waiting for him” (NIV).
SUMMARY: The Apostles and the early Christians were able to show or demonstrate that Jesus is the fulfillment of the Law of Moses, the Prophets, and the Psalms.
For more perspectives:
https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-Old-Testament-prophecies-like-in-Luke-24-26-27