Thank you for the question about the evidence of the characters in Genesis?
As one reads the Book of Genesis, there isn’t any evidences that they existed. The reason being is that they were nomadic people. In other words, they lived in tents. They moved with their herds of animals.
God promised that the land of Canaan would become their heirs. He commanded Abraham to walk through the land. His descendants were also herdsmen. Thus one wouldn’t expect to find any artifacts. Even if archaeologists did find artifacts, there would be the issue of who or what people group possessed it. One may be able to date it to a time period, but not specifically as to whom did it belong to unless it was inscribed with a name. Even then, that can be contested.
Having said that, is there indirect evidences? The citation of cities and people group living in Canaan is accurate. Archaeologists are quite certain that they have located Sodom and Gomorrah. It doesn’t prove that Abraham lived, but the references of people and places were not fables, but actual location.
Even if Noah’s ark was to be discovered, it would not necessarily prove Noah built it. Archaeologists and geologists may disagree on the purpose of the structure, the dating of the structure from the biblical narrative. The controversy would be endless. Thus in my opinion, whatever artifacts found in that time period would be subject to debate.
The references to locations or cities would give some credence that someone saw or heard about those places. Who saw those places would be subject to debate. The Biblical record states that the Patriarchs were there and that’s their testimony.
SUMMARY: It’s unlikely that herdsmen would leave any evidence of their presence in a location.
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