Thank you for the question, “When God punished Adam in the Garden for willful disobedience, and the Bible stated that Eve was actually deceived, did the context of the incident backed this punishment? What is the eternal fate of Adam and Eve then?”
As one reads Genesis 3, Adam freely took of the fruit that Eve gave to him while Eve claimed that she was deceived by the serpent. Both of them knew the punishment for eating the forbidden fruit.
Here are some thoughts on Adam and Eve’s punishment:
A. God gave the command to Adam not to eat the forbidden fruit.
Genesis 2 says this, “The LORD God took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden to work it and take care of it. 16 And the LORD God commanded the man, “You are free to eat from any tree in the garden; 17 but you must not eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, for when you eat from it you will certainly die.” (A searchable online Bible in over 150 versions and 50 languages), Bible citations are from the New International Version.
The passage states that God gave the command directly to Adam not to eat of the forbidden fruit.
B. Eve was able to restate the forbidden command not to eat the forbidden fruit by God.
Genesis 3 says this, “The woman said to the serpent, “We may eat fruit from the trees in the garden, 3 but God did say, ‘You must not eat fruit from the tree that is in the middle of the garden, and you must not touch it, or you will die’” (NIV).
The text does not state whether God told her directly or whether Adam told her not to eat or even touch it or you will die. It is unclear whether she added the phrase, must touch it, by Adam stating what God told him and he added some words to it. One can conclude that Eve was aware of the prohibition before the serpent spoke to her.
C. Eve and Adam ate the forbidden fruit willingly.
Genesis 3 says this, “When the woman saw that the fruit of the tree was good for food and pleasing to the eye, and also desirable for gaining wisdom, she took some and ate it. She also gave some to her husband, who was with her, and he ate it. 7 Then the eyes of both of them were opened, and they realized they were naked; so they sewed fig leaves together and made coverings for themselves” (NIV).
Eve took her eyes off the command of God and focus on the enticing words of the serpent, even contradicting the command of God. Adam knew what was the forbidden fruit. The text does not record what Adam said to Eve except his actions. He took the forbidden fruit from her hand and ate it.
As to the second part of the question of the eternal state of Adam and Eve, they experienced physical death on earth. The Scripture records the age of Adam’s death and presumes that Eve died as well.
As to the eternal state of Adam and Eve, God provided a covering for their sin by the killing of the first animal on earth. The skin of the animal was used for their covering and the blood of the animal was used for atonement.
Genesis 3 declares what God did for Adam and Eve, “The LORD God made garments of skin for Adam and his wife and clothed them. 22 And the LORD God said, “The man has now become like one of us, knowing good and evil. He must not be allowed to reach out his hand and take also from the tree of life and eat, and live forever.” 23 So the LORD God banished him from the Garden of Eden to work the ground from which he had been taken. 24 After he drove the man out, he placed on the east side of the Garden of Eden cherubim and a flaming sword flashing back and forth to guard the way to the tree of life” (NIV).
One can imply that the lineage in Luke 4 that the listing of the ancestors were saved people since that is the godly lineage of Adam to Jesus.
SUMMARY: Adam and Eve knowing ate the forbidden fruit but God provided a covering for their sin with the death of an animal.
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